Sustainable transport (or green transport) refers to any means of transport with low impact on the environment, and includes walking and cycling, transit oriented development, green vehicles, CarSharing, and building or protecting urban transport systems that are fuel-efficient, space-saving and promote healthy lifestyles.
Sustainable transport systems make a positive contribution to the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the communities they serve. Transport systems exist to provide social and economic connections, and people quickly take up the opportunities offered by increased mobility. The advantages of increased mobility need to be weighed against the environmental, social and economic costs that transport systems pose.
Transport systems have significant impacts on the environment, accounting for between 20% and 25% of world energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.Greenhouse gas emissions from transport are increasing at a faster rate than any other energy using sector. Road transport is also a major contributor to local air pollution and smog.
The social costs of transport include road crashes, air pollution, physical inactivity, time taken away from the family while commuting and vulnerability to fuel price increases. Many of these negative impacts fall disproportionately on those social groups who are also least likely to own and drive cars. Traffic congestion imposes economic costs by wasting people's time and by slowing the delivery of goods and services.
Traditional transport planning aims to improve mobility, especially for vehicles, and may fail to adequately consider wider impacts. But the real purpose of transport is access - to work, education, goods and services, friends and family - and there are proven techniques to improve access while simultaneously reducing environmental and social impacts, and managing traffic congestion. Communities which are successfully improving the sustainability of their transport networks are doing so as part of a wider programme of creating more vibrant, livable, sustainable cities.
Sustainable transport:
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- Collective passenger transport
- Public transport
- Bus services
- Rail transport
- Intermodal transfers
- Integrated ticketing
- Marketing
- Park & Ride
- Demand responsive transport
- Accessible transport systems
- Paratransit
- Bus rapid transit
- Quality of service
- Security, including Transit police
- Travel information
- Public transport timetable
- journey planner
- Less car intensive lifestyle
- Car pooling
- Car sharing
- Car/ driver licence exit strategies
- Cycling
- Bike sharing
- Soft measures
- Travel plan
- Walking school bus
- Travel blending
- Personalised travel plan
- Transport management
- Transportation demand management
- Transit oriented development
- Walkability
- New urbanism and New pedestrianism
- TDM Toolbox
- Sustainable Freight Transport
- Clean vehicles / clean fleet
- Intermodal freight transport
- Dry port
- Fleet management
- Route planning
- Transportation management system
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